The PfR ECD Cluster Randomised Trial assessed the effectiveness of a structured, culturally grounded parenting programme for improving early childhood development among 596 caregiver–child dyads. Early findings show meaningful improvements across multiple developmental domains, with the strongest gains in children’s social and emotional engagement. Caregivers described their children as more expressive, responsive, and emotionally connected after participating in the programme.

Qualitative insights highlight a notable positive impact on fathers, many of whom reported a reframing of fatherhood and a greater understanding of the value of direct involvement in caregiving. At the same time, the study identified challenges for fathers in polygamous households, where marital conflict and concerns about favouritism can limit emotional bonding. These findings point to the need for additional support tailored to families navigating these dynamics.

The results have informed ongoing advocacy and communication efforts in Tororo District and nationally, reinforcing the importance of accessible early childhood development and parenting support services.